charitrik dixttintlean ek odhyoin
1) choritra mhonnlear ‘adlem sangchem’ mhonnchem chintop loka motint rombon gelam. Dekun choritra mhonntoch rai, ranni, raulleram ani zhuzam dolleam mukar khelltat. Aplea aba-vhoddlimam-i vixim konnaiki vaitt sangunk asana. Dekunnch choritra mhonnlear pugarnni zaun gelea. Mohan itihasxastri i ech kar ‘choritra mhonnlear itihas odhyoini ani tachea akoram (Souddichhies) modlo toxench sarn gel’lea bhutkall ani prostut aschea vortoman kalla modhlo nirontor ani kriatmok sombondh mhonnta. Kal ani az ekameka fuddafudd zainaxem choritra asa zait mhonnchi bhovo simit somzonni.
1 a. kornattokant odlea sumar hozar vorsam thaun konknni lok probhavit ritin vosti korn asa mhonncheak dubavo na. Tanchem zanopodi-i/thonddi sahit grest aschem ani tantle thodde vantte azun vapornnent aschem amkam polleunko mellta. Latea jejvit anjelo mafain konknni lokachea bhaxeÉ vixim tacheach karonnank lagun urba dakoili. Ani tea uprant konknni borpachi porompora vhodd mapan vaddunk lagli. Mafain vhodd mapan konknnecho borpant vapar kelo tori tea purvinch sumar 1858 sumarak 54 pananchem ‘somi jezu kristachi paxamvachi kotha’ monnchem pustok porgott zal’lem. Goyant konknni bhas romi ani nagori lipiamni sumar 1540 thaun (logbhog 550 vorsam adim thaun) borpi sahit porompora vaddun gheun ailea tor kornattokant adlea 150 vorsam thaun kon’noddo lipint hi porompora vaddlea.
1 b. Konknni lok ttippuchea bondhodde uprant chodd ani chodd dharmik niyontronnant riglo zal’lean tachem choddxem sokkodd deva-altari-santam bhoktam bhomvtichem zaunko laglem. Hacho porinnam’ zaun survayechem konknni sahit zamv tem dharmikamni rochl’lem, zamv tem layikamni rochl’lem, tem novenam, kontaram pustokam, dotornechim, santanchea jinneyechi chorita,ro tanchea novenachim toxems devostutek sombond zal’lim pustokam va povitr pustokachem bhaxantor zaun asl’lem. Hea nimtim konknni sahitachea vaddaullichea survilea disaninch tika riti nitollayechem mantl nhesoun zal’lem.
1 c. tea modem-i konknni sahitak devachea gorbathaun bhair haddn tiche thoim kaim sarvotrikoronn ani mhonxeakoronnachi prokria cholounko thoddeamni vaur kel’lo. Chaltim podam (chaltim magnneank proti zovab zaun ayil’lim), dumga-dumgecheo kannio aileo. Pedru zuvamv soz, zuje soldaF, zuje reg, ales pais, luvis moskoreF osoleamni konknni sahiteak loukik obhiruchechim pakam xirkaunko vorto vaur kela. Tori kon’noddo lipi konknnent kadombori prokar yeunko sumar kall rakchi gorz poddli.
1 d. gõyant edvardo bruno de suzan romi lipint boroyil’lea ‘kristuvamv ghorabo’ mhonnlolea kritie thaun konknnent kadombori prokarachem sahit vaddlem. Ek paromporik kuttmachea vaddaullechem, sota-nitichea songhorxeachem chitronn hangasor dista. Nimanne borem jikta-vaitt solvata mhonncho hangacho sondex
2) kon’noddo lipintlea konknnent kadombori prokarak svotontr prokar zaun poyil’lem vaparloli kheati zoseak mhonnje zokim’ sontan alvarisak veta. 1950 isvent tanne svotontr noval boroilem. Tea poream choddxem konknni somajik sahit viddombonachea rupar, bhaxantorit va svont kannyechea rupar asl’lem. Chodd korn osolem sahit mhollear hasounko aschem sahit, xikpacho unnovo ascheank, khaltea bhollea ‘mandd korponnecheank’ mhonnun boroupi ani porgottnnar chint’tale. Osolea porigotent zoseachi ‘anjel’ konkonni nattok sobhen 1950 isvent porgottli. Hi 368 pananchi vhoddzoit kadombori toull fokt panch (5) rupeank vikli.
2 a. khorean kanoddi lipi konknni kadomborincho bapui zoseak somasomi ramvcho ‘panchpeÇnddvam’ modhlo dusro, konknni charitrik kadomborincho bapui khoddop. Khoddopan (vixent zuvamv pedr soldaFõï) ‘konknni kadomborincho pitamoh’ zamvcho daklo eka tantrik karonnak lagon hogddaun ghetlo. Khoddopachi poyil’li kadombori ‘kajitor kanne’ toullch sanklli rupim ‘raknno’ potrar porgott zatali. Ani 1950 vea vorsachea akeri vellinch ti raknneachim panam songim korn pustok rupar vikreak aili.
2 b. 1950 tem 1980 ncho kall panch ponddvanchea mukelponnant konknni kadombori somsarant soneallo kall. Zosea, khoddop, ettyel, gobbu ani chafrachea mukelponnar ekanek unchi sahitik vaurak ani tantleatantum kadomborinkÀ ujvadd lablo. Zosean samajik kadomborinchea xetant lharam voir lharanch uttoilim. ‘agnes mauxi’, ‘teresa chotrai’ (1951) ‘ritachem karbar’, ‘abolem’, ‘alesachem daiz’, ‘mhojea soirikechi kotha’ (1952), ‘nouro zai’, avilachem zhoit (1954), kovi ani rozmeri (1956) bejilachem svopann (1957), cheddum tem cheddunch (1960) hamv opayant asam (1961) zuje ani seurin (1966), motlabi monika, (1969) hilddachi kotha, bomboi meri (1970) novea ghorantli khun, zolmacho ghutt (1975) ivak 13vi soirik, modem ratim ayil’lo porko (1976) guddguddi fulabai, chott’tto boroupi (1979), mhaka nirmil’li choli, tum faleam aschonam-i (1980) nopomych zal’li madr( 1981) komolachem ghor bhorl’lo azo (1982), mhal dheddeacho umo (1985) ani her sobar kadombori boroun konknni mayek vorti denngi dil’lea zosean kaim avaz nastam aplo vaur kelo. Aplea kallachea sobar kritikarank prerepok zaun zoseachi seva vorti. Zoseachea kadomborinim amkam polleunko labhchem borea vaittachem songhorx zosea kedallai boreak sotri dhorta. Adim’magam thaun konknni sahiteant demvon ayil’lem dhorm’unchayechea probhavachem ritinitoll chintop tache thoim dhordhor mhonnun dista.
2 c. khoddop konknni somsarant aplea liknnenamva tekit khoddopch soi. Konknni lokachea choritrek tanne zoxem somzon ghetlem tea dixen tanne likleleo kadombori char kall urcheo ani amche thoim sodam jivim lharam uttomvcheo. Teo khorean brihot gronthch soi. Ekach patr vorgak dhorn sobar kadomboreo boromvchi tachi xoili, choritrent ghoddlolea khorea ghodditank dhorn sobit sundor ghumvddeo diun, patr chitronn laun ubem korchi tank tachi vixes tache kadomborient ek sankoll puddtugez addolltea, vixes korn inkvijisamvachea moddti bhomvarim likloleo. ‘saibha bhogos’ (1970) ‘purvoz pordexant’ ( 1971 ) vanjelache vatter (1979) jivo vo mel’lo (1980) ya tori mongollapuri (1982) heo panch mullan raknnear sanklli rupim porgottloleo
ttippu sultanachea kattkayek vixoi zaun gheun tanne ‘devachye kurpen’ ‘imfernachim daram’ sordaranchi sinol, sordaranchem son’nidan, bochavechi chavi, mogachi mohima, beltongoddicho baltazar, bondhoddent bochavo kel’lem dirvem osoleo kadombori boroileo. Hech nhoim astam ‘tambddi pitull, torichi dall, pett ani pallnnem, moga mhaka xikoi, rujvat, kuddichi nadd tacho her mohotvacheo kadomborio. Vi je pi chea kadomborimni sahosak, sadhonank, hikmoteank chodd zago asa. Aplea lokachem (kenora kotholikanchem) ghon ani man rakcheak tacho husko vixes vi je pi soldaFk konknni charitrik kadomborincho bapui mhonnchem obhidan dilam tem ortabhorit asa. Konknnent matr khonchyai bhaxent itleo charitrik kadombori eka vyoktin boroileat tem ek mohan dakloch soi.
2 d. panchponddvam modem tisro opolo tomas lobo. Ettyel mhonnunnch moipasacho zala. Mamygamvche ugddas gunddayen dhoscheporim korunk hachea kadomborink vixes tank asa. Hacheo vellghoddi ani tum boro za kadombori bharoti-i sahiteantch moladhik thikam zoxem porzolltat. Sompea vixoyak sobhomvchi hachi xathi her konnakch ayil’li amkam polleunko mellnam. Vellghoddi kadombori vachtana polleunko labta tem vornnon ani vivoronn bhovo unchlea vorgachem. Vaparloli bhas orthagorbhit, mukamvoram, voullam,gadi, utram prasabhorit sobdam vaparnni ettyelak ettyelch soi. Thodde pauttim ettyel otibhavuk zata mhonnon bhogleari tachi sobai amkam ruchta khonddit. ‘dada va keddi’, ‘rid’, ‘devachi khuxi’, tacheo her kritio.
2 e. chafra mhonnunnch konknnent ghordari namv zal’lea charls fransis dokostak ami sorv nattokist, kovi, kanniangar zaun vollkatamv tori tanne. ‘sasnnacho vixevo’, ‘vattsureancho ixtt’, ‘mel’lem’ osoleo kadombori boroileat chafrachea kadomborimni disun yeta ti bhaxechi grestkai vixes zaunasa.
2 f. hea panchponddvam yugant kadomborikaram poiki porzollchem anyek namv zaunasa gobbuchem taka xri gobbu urva mhonnunyi vollkonchem asa. Gebriel ddisoza aplea borpant matr nhoim chintpantyi krantikari, nastik ani vastovik dixttaveacho. Tanne boroiloleo choddaut vekti sombondhank ani mhonxeam thoim asa zamvchea mogajivitachea rattaullink sombondhit kannio. Pottache bhukek (1956) mogachi mosti (1962), mogachi mohima (1966) tuji dhuv mhoji bail (1967) sangata melltana, sivri simitrent, ucharn sangtam (1968), solval’lem sot (1969) mogacho ulo (1975) solval’lem sot (1977) logna band(1978) gobbucheo mohotvacheo kadomborio. Gobbu ani zosa modem soid’dantik vixoyancher sobar obhiprai bed asl’le. Ho obhiprai bed tanchea kadomborechea vixoyancher toxems chintpam monddon xoilencher vhodd mapan probhavo ghalunk soklo.
2 g. hea kallar konknnentlea stri lekika eulalia alvarisan vhodd mapan sahitik somrochon kadombori rupan kel’lem ticheo kritio lokan khais korchem amkam polleunko labta. 1956 isvent tichi kadombori florachi kotha porgottli tea uprant fransis ani klara (sobar bhagamni aila) (1957) fokichem karbar (1958) ddaina (1964) an’ni kitt’tti , pettonatl’lem tonn, kantte ani fulam (1969) zakichem kazar (1970) ticheo mohotvacheo kritio. Kristachem zonon, poinnareancho ixtt kristofor ani rob-someachem anglem dharmik dixtten kadombori svorupan boroiloli kriti. Hichea kadomborincher french, inglix sahitachea vachpacho probhavo dista matr nhoim thoddeo pokot’t kriti onukoronn (nzochitthinnochinnoiotti) rupant asat.
2 h. zosea yugant sobar kritikaramni taka aplo mestri zaun gheun tacheach xoilecheo ani tachea bhaxe svorupacheo kadombori boromvcheo ami dektamv. Sisilia boroyil’lo em’ fernand mumboi, addvarlolem kazar boroyil’lo xri zon lobo bendur, bochavechi vatt liklolo es si roddrigos kin’nikombo, jivitacho adar kadombori kortoø onirud’d kumar, lil’licho nouro konn? liklolo suryokant, dhir yuvok, vidvichem roddnnem kadomborio liklolo vi em’ fernanddis, madringeli choli, lil’li ani rovi kadomborio boroyil’lo izoicho zossi pirer, patyennecho ixtt , norachem noven, soitanachi solvonn(bhaxantor) kadomborikortoø raimund mirand, konn ba tem? patkanchea khonddant liklolo emtti ojekar, dar ugtem zalem, tem roddlem- mogachea sodner, jivitacho tallo kadombori boroilolo eujin ddisoza bollie he ani osole sobar zosak aplem adorx zaun gheun tachech xoiler ani tosoleach vixoyam bhomvtim borpak demvle. Azun amche modhem malghoddo sahiti zaun sobhcho edd’ddi nett’tto zosea xakeacho ek promuk kadomborikar tachea kadomborimni mhonxea motichem duk protifolon zata. Tachi ‘voni’ (1959) kadombori konknni svotontr prokaxonan porgottli. ‘vadall ani mog’, ‘gupt dhon’, ‘novo kristamv’, ‘omor jivit’ tacheo her kadomborio. 1954 isvent bonifas voleriyon seravon boroilolea ‘nirmonnem’ kadomborik tachems vixes sthan asa. Hi fokt 79 pananchi kadombori ji sallok prokaxonan porgottloli kadombori tea kallachea chintpam modhench vingodd rauta.
2 i. hea yugant kadomborinchem vortem bellem yemvcheant raknno, mitr, jhelo osolea potrancho vaur vixes. Him potram lokak kadomborio pavounko pechaddtaleo. Raknno potrachea modgati panancher pustoka rupachem somrochon korn tinch panam mukar pustok rupim manddun dourchi veustha korumyeta asl’li. Loka modem suttaull (jiddiee nnoime) choddtik asl’lean lamb lamb kadomborenk khais chodd asl’lem.
3) 1970 uprantlea kallar konknni potram modhem vaddlolea spordea nimtim potrikamni kadomborinchi prostuti chodd zaun yemvchi ami polletamv. Aplem potr urounko sanklli kanneo gorjecho mhonnchem chintop vaddlem toxench vachpeank novem novem vachop diunko zaitem odhyoin korche pras akorxok kadomborinchea panamni potr bhorchem lokxonn disun ailem hea vorvim sobar kadomborikar ujvaddak aile tancheo kadombori potram dvarim matr ujvaddak aileo. Hea vorvim borem zalem vhoi punn gorje bhailea amsoran ani potrank hoftea hoftea kadomborie vantto daddn dije mholl’llea vot’taik lagon kadomborio datt zaleo punn tanchem sahitik mol patoll poddlem. Kadombori datt zaunko her karonnam asonki puro.
3 a. voddangelo voddo, khoimsor asa dirvem, sot solvalem na, axirvad, andhkara uprantlo ujvadd, rujvat kadombori boroilolo ronaldd pirera anjelor, vidhichea daulent boroilolo vikttor roddrigos anjelor, dhumvri, kittall, ontim’ somskar kadombori liklolo leanslett chikkmogllur, vell yetana, sotachye sodner, axel’lem svopann, xoilacho fuddar, esttetticho roittor , voni derachi, dhantt’ttil’lem dirvem boroyil’lo fransis solddanha bareboil, rogot ani udok, don thembe dukam, ek adhurem pintur boroyil’lo herolfiyos, ghata pattlem sot, saulle pattli dauli boroyil’lo ddolfi kassia, tachim haddam liklolo ron roch kassia, roddtai kiteak?, roittoracheo xintreo boroyil’lo jerri kulxekor osolea kritikaramni kadombori xetak vorti seva dilea.
4 panch panddovam uprantlea yugant eddvin je ef ddisoza ani oirin pintto izoi hea dogamni konknni kadombori sahitak vhorti grestkai haddn dil’lea mhonn mhozo obhiprai. Kadombori vixoyanchea toxench niruponnanchea vantteak tanchi vhorti seva asa. Tanchea dogamychea kritiamni somajechea somokalin sovalank zapi sodhchem preton asa, odhyoinachi tank asa, aplea boroupachem kam’ zovabdharen ani gombhirponnan ghetl’lem dhordhor mhonn dista.
4 a. vasu valenxia mhonnunnch namv zal’lea eddvinachea ‘nimanni xelli’, ‘zoulli vojram’ osolea survilea kadomborininch tachea muklea sahitik vaddaullinchim khunnam parkumyetat tori ‘pilatan dil’lem pormann’ kadombori tachi sahitik tank porgottunchi poyil’li ghumvddi oxem hamou mantam. Hi ghumvddi 1972 isvent ujvaddak ayil’lea tachea ‘hamv jietam’ kritient som’sarki zata. Vastouvadachea ani ostitvvadachea tollar ravun bhomvtichea somsracher kritikar nodor ghalta tem ami hanga dektamv. Hea kadomborien konknni somsrant lharam uttoilim mhonncheant kaim dubavo na. Hea bhair ‘mhojea voddtantle gulob’, ‘zudasank kurovo’, ‘jerikoche pagor’, ‘215, daruvala esttett’, ‘remventle fator’, ‘khursa pattlo ujvadd’, ‘razdrohi’, ‘xhetantlim fulam’, ‘mhomv ani rogot’, ‘vinchun kaddloli porza’, ‘zambia-dohoxot’, ‘te aileat’ tachea liknne thaun porgott zal’leo mohotvacheo kritio. 1972 isvent tanne likli ‘hamv jietam’ kadombori konknnint tea poreant chalter asl’lea kadombori boroupachea dixek novi ghumvddi diunko sokli. Tanne likloli brihot kadombori ‘unnea bhavaddtache’ monglluri kotholik somajechea tin toklenchea samajik artik ani samskoøtik porivortonanchi sor dhorta. Tachea ‘kallem bhangar’ kritiek ani tea dhvarim bharoti-i sahitak tanne dil’lea denngek manun taka kendr sahit okaddomicho 2017 puroskar labhla. Eddvinan aplea kadombori ani her sahitan bharoti-i sahitant lamb kall urche toslo probhavo ghala.
4 b. konknni sahit somsrant strivadi sahit ani chodd korn striyechea dixttaveacheo kadombori likloli kheati oirin pintto izoichi. Tichi ‘mhojem ontoskorn visorchem na’ konknni kadombori sahitant poili ani promuk strivadi kadombori mhonncheant dubavo na. ‘stri’, ‘bolidan’, ‘palll’li bhas’, ‘hamv chukun poddunk na’, ‘tuvem negar kelem-i’, ‘axa ani niraxa’, ‘mog ani bhorvoso’, ‘mel’lem’ hicheo her mohotvacheo kritio. Hichea kadomborimni borea vaittacho songhorx cholta. Soddaut oneayak boli zamvchi ti sotachea vattechem songhorx choloita tori hea songhorxant teag, bolidan osolea udat’t molank ukoln dhorn stri apnnachea protivadik solvonni dita.
4 b. hea bhair eddvordd nojretachi ‘nirmonnem’, mikmeaksachi ‘xoni’, liabachi ‘pattim ghora’, jerom’ em’ roddrigos permudechi ‘fuddarache vatter’, sirivontachi mottvi kadombori ‘modhuchondr’, hemachareachi ‘bai’ melvin roddrigosachi ‘bhesam zal’lem kalliz’, vinod fernanddis gongoll’llichi ‘tambddo gid’ ponchu bonttvallachi ‘hamv mog kortam’, gleaddis regochi ‘zugar’, vol’li voggachi ‘jin’ni konnachem’ konknni sahit somsrant kaim vixes probhavo ghalunk sokl’leo kadombori mhonnumyeta.
5) ekvisavea xekddeachea dusrea dakddeachi oker zaun yemvchea hea sondorbor ravun pollelear konknni kadombori sahit upzun yemvchem raulam mhonncheporim dista hi gozal khonddit bezarayechi. Nove kadomborikar konnnch konknnint udemvchem disun yena, tea sovem kadombori xetak novem rogot vhallun yemvchem disana. Hea vixim chintop attounko konknni potramni, songhsomstheamni, xikpa monddollemni, okaddomin ani her songhottonamni turtachim mettam kaddchi gorz asa.
5 a. kanoddi lipintlea konknni kadomborincher ek gida nodor choroitana tantum sobhar unchi sthor distat thoim hanga togsonneoyi disun yetat. Axoi, vixoi, patr chitronn, bhas, niruponn ani xoilechea dixtten kaim thoddeamni bhovo ut’tim’ sadhonam kelam tor her thoddea sondorbamni panam bhorchem preton kel’lem-i asa. Hem sorv bhaxe sondorbamni zata ani hem kaim konknnek nirdixtt mhonnunk zaina. Toxem mhonnun gunnatmok vaddaull khonddit zalea. Unnem boroiloleamni borem boroilole dakley asat. Kaim chodd boroiloleamni titlem kaim borem natl’lem liklolem-i asa. Vividh vixoyancher ani chintpazhorincher, sid’dhantanchea tollancher kadombori aileat. Aniki thoddea prakarancheo yeuyeteo yeunkonant, toxem tori grest kadombori sahit edoll kanoddi lipi konknnint ailam mhonncheak mhaka dubavo na.
Xoro: hea odhyoin potrikent vaparlole vixexonn (kadomborincho bapui, panch ponddovo iteadi sahitik sobayeche xivai odhyoinatmok bollache oxem ghemvunamye)
pustoko suchi
1 sordesai, monohorrai: e histtori af konkonni littorechor; pr_ sahityo okaddomi, robindro bhoun, 25, firozxoha rodd, noudeholi-110001;2000 pu 315 ru 160/
2 goms, dda olivinho: oldd konkonni leangvez endd littorechor- do porchugis rol- pro konkonni sarosvot prokason- chandor gova, okttobor 1999 pu 923 ru- 850/
3 kvaddros, sttiun permude : sahity ani vimorso, pro; svopno prokaxono mongolluru 2003 ,pu 199 + 6 ru 100/
4 rego, gleaddis: kon’noddo lipient konknni pustokam gronth suchi(1858-2010), pro: mandd sobhann(no) mongolluru , novembor 2011, pu 256, ru 250/
5 pintto dda. Jeraldd, koleannpur(som): 20 vea xekddeache konknni mhan monis (bhag-1) pro: kornattoko konkonni sahity okaddomi mongolluru 2007 pu 444 ru 200/
6 moras, paul : konkonni chollvoll- pro: konkonni somsthe, sonto oloxiyos kalezu, mongolluru 2002 pu 319 + 20 ru 500/
7 moras, paul : zagoronn – pro: konkonni somsthe, sonto oloxiyos kalezu, mongolluru 2005 pu 416 + 25 ru 500/
8 moras, paul : mogrem karonn – pro: poddvoll prokaxon bizoi, kapikadd, mongolluru 2008 pu 455+ 68 ru 1500/
9 upadhyo, murullidhoro hiriyoddoko,(som): konkonni bhaxe-sahityo pro: konkonni odhyoino pittho, raxttrokovi govindo poi sonxodhono kendro, uddupi 576 102 pu 179 + 19 ru 75/
10 vegos, sorita kearol(pro):sirivontachim liknne moteam :- pro-sallok prokaxon, vegos kompoundd, hilve, mongolluru-575002 , 2007, pu 10 +545, ru 200/ konknnent charitrik kadomborio
* sttiun kvaddros permude
kadombori prokar somsrachea sahit choritrent bhovo porno kaim nhoim tori kaim unnea probhavachoyi nhoim. Az lokak chodd akorxit korcho ani vividh vixoyamni vhallounko sokcho sahit prokar kadomborecho. Gody sahit prokarant vixes novesamv ho prokar haddn ailo dekun ‘noval’ ‘novel’ mhonnunnch inglixant haka apoitat. Bhannobhott’ttan boroyil’li ‘kadombori’ somskoøtant osolea dirgh chitronnachi bhovopatri poyil’li kriti dekun hea prokarak bharotant kadombori mhonntat.
Paxchaty somsrant kadombori mhollear modhyoyugant vaddlolo romansi toll ascho vivoronnatmok godyprokar. Patr, ghottonam ani kria vastoubhumika, monobhumika ani kolponabhumika mhonnchea tin tollancher zoxem ghoddhtat toxem kotaxud’dota samballn, ghottonakrom’ sarkem dourn gheun xobdokromachea odvitiyen manddchi kadombori zata. Hem tikkexe lamb zalem dekun viskollaveam. Kadomborint kitem asonk zai? tin songti
1 patr va kirdar (hankam thodde rol mhonntat ani thodde kearekttor mhonntat)
2 ghottonam (iventts) ani
3 kria (ektts endd ekxons)
nirdixtt ghottonant nirdixtt patr kosoli kria dakoita hachem sundor gody vivoronn kadombori.
Kadomboren patramni khoim sokkodd cholomvchea kriank prostut korunk zai? eka yoxosvi kadomboren ‘sogllo somsar apli pattbhum-i korn gheun toll nirdixtt zaije’ mhonntat. Vhodd vad kadomborichea lambie-rundie vixim asa. ‘kitlim panam eka kadomborint asonk zai mhonnche pras tea panamni apnnem ubem kel’lea patram dvarim, kitlea yoxosvi ritin mhonxea somsrachea prourtonank, thoimsorchea sonkirnnotayek ujvaddak haddlam mhonnchem gorjechem’ mhonnun ponddit sangtat tori kadomborink kotha, nillgotha ani dirgh kotha kadomborio mhonnun tin vantte korchem disun yeta. Kadomborimni kritikaran khoro somsar (vastoubhumi), kalponik somsar (svopnobhumi) ani mono somsar (monobhumi) oxem tin hont ube korche asat. Kadomborintlea patramni hea tinyi hontamni yeun vecheak solis zaunkozai. Hea yeun vecheak solis zamvche porim protisomsaranchem nirmann korchem kadomborikaranchem sahos. Hea vaurant tanchi yoxosvi kadomborichi yoxosvi.
Kadomborikarachim molam kosolim zaizoi mholl’llea sovalak adim’magam thaun tim somajemukhi (pro sosaitti), mhonxeamukhi (hyumonistt) ani zagotik mayamogachim zaunasaje mholl’llem jeral chintop asa. Kadomborem dvarim vhoddvhodd samajik-razoki-i porivortonam zal’lim polleunko melltat. Tea prourtonam pattlean ek nirdixtt zovabdari ani husko bhorlolem sahitik mon vavurta mholl’llem visranamye.
Kadomborikar aplem somrochon ubem kortana kosolea zannvaye hont vaparta. Hor lokak kollit aschea sadea songtim thaun to somvohon choloita va bhovo unchlea zannvaye tallean to uloita hacher eka kadomborechi yoxosvi hondun asa. Kosolim molam to vantt’ta ani konnak to vanttun asa? tachea vivoronnant aschi bhas ani vixoi tachea axoyak zoktean protifolit korunk sokleant? him sovalam kadomborikaran aplea kadomborecho poyil’lo vachpi zaun apnnakch ghaln ghemvchi gorz asa. Bhovo unnea zannvayechea punn vortea somvohon somzonnechea kadomborikaramni yoxosvi zoddlea tor tanni mukar manddlolim somvohonatmok somrochonam ani porinirmannam vachpeanchea motipodd’dear ruprupim ubem zaunko sokleant tem karonn asumyeta. Dekunnch kadomborikarak bhaxechea zannvaye pras bhas vaparnnechi zannvai vortea gorjechi mhonntat.
Kadomborink vivid ritimni vorgikoronn kelam. Samajik kadombori, dharmik kadombori ani charitrik kadombori mhonnun tin vorgikoronn korchi veustha amche modem asa tosolem vorgikoronn korn tantlea eka vantteachem chodd korn khoddopachea charitrik kadomborinchem adhyoin hanga manddtam.
Kanoddi konknni matr nhoim jeral thoran konknni charitrik kadomborencho bapui mhonnunnch namvaddla ‘khoddop’. Khoddop mhonnchem vinsentt zon pittor soldaF mhonnje vijepi soldaFchem likhnne namv. Konknni sahiteachea vantteak vhodd buneadi khoddop zaun to ozun urla mhonnchem khorem. 1950 isve uprant charitrik kadomborio borounko dhorleo ani muklea 35 vorsam poream to boroyit’t gelo. Tanne ttippu sultana khal kenorachea lokan fudd kel’le koxtt-sonkoxtt vornnun 12 kadomborio boroileat. Toxems gõyant cholun asl’lea dhorm’ neayadhikoronn veustheachea (inkvijesamv) kotthoraye vixim, tea kallachea onacharam vixim ani lok gõy sanddun xant somadhan sodhun mongllurak veche vixim ‘saibho bhogos’ xinklleche panch kadomborio boroileat. Itleo charitrik kadomborio boroilolo daklo fokot’t konknnent matr nhoim bharotachea her bhasamnim-i dusro na. (he pustok kaim patoll koddtileo nhoim bogar horyek 250-300 panancheo)
suttke zhuzant brittixank bharotiyamni dakoilolea sobar protirodham poiki odhyoinatmok sahitik protirodhyi mohotvacho. Kit, vinsentt smit’t , xirol osole samrozvadi kritikar inddiantlea brittix vasnnukxahi razpattak odhyoinatmok ritin boll korit’t taka zai tem somrochon korn astana. Zoisval (hindu palitti) ar. Ji. Bhonddarkor (histtri af ddekkon), nilokonttho xastri(chollas) osole raxttriyovadi choritrakar aplea odhyoinamni ani kritiamni brittix raipattak virod korn amchea dexant brittix yemvchea hozar hozar vorsam purvinch prozatontr vaddl’lem, oxoko, kanixko, tosole xrextt rai hangasor lokvadi prozatantrik raipatt choloitale mhonnon pasartat. Brittixam pras kaim vanttean ami xrextth mhonnchem chintop vaddonk ozonta, el’lora, pott’ttodokol’l, tosolea grest vastu kendranchem sonxodhon sindhu sobhyotechem sonxodhon, vedoponixod sahiteachim sodnam ani titlem prerok zatat. ‘brittixam pras ami vorte’ mhonnchea vadachem vistoronn ‘dexa bhitorch horyeka sthollik loka zomeamn apunn her loka zomeam pras xrextt mhonnon apli vixes osmitai sodhunk vecheant’ ami polletamv. Kenora konknni kotholikamni osoli osmitai ani mohotv zoddchea pretonancho foll mholl’lleporim khoddapacheo charitrik kadombori udeun aileo oxem hamv lektam.
Khoddapachea charitrik kadomborimni vosohotot’tor choritra somrochon sahiteachim (Posnno oottoottiichitto uisnnooddiichhichitto iichhinnoiotti Wddiinnoittigs) sorv lokxonnam disun yetat. Pondditam pormanne osolea boroupamni
1) pradexikponn ani tea pradexik tholla vixim lekaurto obhiman.
2) samajik ani razoki sthoramni bohubhaxikponn.
3) odhikar kendra sovem boro sombondh dourn gheunko pechaddchem.
4) sthollik samskoøtik thollar apnnakch sthanman zoddn gheunko pechaddchem.
5) aplea lokanchea sthollik songhorxank, suka dukak sombondhi zaun boromvchem. Osolim lokxonnam asaje. Him choddxim lokxonnam khoddapachea kritiamni ami polletamv.
Khoddopachi ‘saibha bhogos’, sankoll panch pustokanchi. (‘saibha bhogos’ ‘purvoz pordexant’, ‘vanjelache vatter’, ‘jivo vo mel’lo’, ani ‘ya tori mongollapuri’,) gõyantlea kotholik dhorm’neayadhikoronno veustheachea (inkvijesamv) kotthoraye vixim, tea koddtichea padri nitidarancho onachar, devachea namvim cholomvcho onyai vivoritana khoro kotholik, jinnyent moryecho vorto bhokt khoddop sotanixtt zata, sot apnnak ani apleank kitlem koddu zaleari hottan ugtaddak haddta. Hea kadomborichim sumar 1500 panam gõy xherant, olzubent, bondramni, tarvamni, charitrik vyoktim modem, gõychea devotemplamni, raulleramni gõy thaun mongllura poream vattemni, mongllurantlea zageamni damvtamna odhyoinachi tank khonddit dison yeta. Olzubechea , inkvijesamvachea kotthoraye vixim, unchlea padri lokanchea kopottponna vixim ani kopitan zuvamv de fordinandachea sahosam vixim sangtam sangtam to utprekxek lagta. ‘aplo mamygamv koddeall puddtugezanchem raixher gõyam pras bhovo vorto’ mhonncho khoddap aplea lokak vhoddponn voddn dimvchem sadhon korta. Kanni koxi koxi ghumvleari tornatto vir kopitan zuvamv de fordinand sadhonancho vir zata. Hangasor sohoz mhonncheporim khoddapak itihasa pras aplo dixttavo ani apleo ani aplea lokacheo gorzo mohotvacheo zatat. Toripunn khoddapachea her kritiank tulon kelear hea sankllint chodd vixoinixttota asa.
Ttippu sultanan kenorant choloyil’lea addollteak ani khattkayek sombondh zaun khoddapan boroyil’lea kadomborimni saibha bhogos xinkllemni dison yeta ti sotyonixttota zamv vivor nirdixttota zamv disun yena. Hea vixim tanne ‘devachye kurpen’, ‘sovo sumrgarun’, ‘sordaranchi sinol’ rujvat, bochavechi chavi, tambddi pitull, torichi dall, sordaranchem son’nidan, ‘moga mhaka xikoi’, ‘mogachi mohima’ ‘belltongoddicho baltazar’ ‘imfernachim daram ‘bondoddentlem daiz’ kadomborio likleat. Hea sorvancho vixoi kadomborigarak (khoddapak) lagxilo, tachea lokak xida sombondhit. Dekun hangasor kadomborigar choritrek nit korchepras aplea ani aplea lokachea bhognnam bhaunanchi seva poili korta. Charitrik vivor ditastanam sotam taka chodd mohotvachim zainant. (Itti chitti chimbinnoious tthiddiogddichimme oji chiddinnoichhiuttochinnoittig nnohe ‘Pchisnno’ nnohe munnohoddis evetti zoisnnooddinnoezo nnohe schhiiettinnoijiichhi hisnnooddithi. Khihe hisnnooddiichhichitto chittizo chhiuttonnouddichitto snnouzoies tieddie zoisnnooddinnoezo bthi nnohe ittinnoeddiesnno gddioutthis evetti tiinnoh nnohe tthichinnoddiottichige oji snnochinnoe chittizo sochhiiennothi jioddi snnoddiettignnohettiittig ddievivchittoism.-euddiutthi-3)
khoddopachea vantteak kenora khonchoi ek gamv nhoim, kenorantle konknni kotholik sade vyokti nhoim. Te tachech ani to tancho. Suttke (1947) uprantlea kallant aplo somudai aplim mullam (kenora) sanddun potta bhuke khatir somsarbhor ximpddun vochunk lagl’lea vellim aplea dubllea bhamvddank tancho voibovopet purvkall ugddas korn dimvchem mhonniarponn khoddop aplea khandear gheta. Kumerint, gadeant, bett, boilant sagolli korn pott bhorn asl’lea, europi totta saukaranchea kapye, ellea tottamni raittor zaun ghollteleank to ttippu sultanache sordar korta, ghoddear bosoita. Charitrik noval kallachi pintraunni nhoim novalgarachea moti podd’dear somokalin dabavancher hondun udel’lea pinturachi pintraunni mhonnchem khoddapachea hea kadomborimni zorur sot dista.
Khoddopachea sorv charitrik kadomborim poiki mhaka sobhit ani opurbayechi lagchi ‘sordaranchi sinol’ (hi kadombori khoddapan magir nattok ruparyi haddlea ) ttippu sultanan kenorantle kristamv apnna virod dusman brittixank pattimbo ditat mhonnon somzon gheun 1784 isve uprant tankam bhongomvchem, uprant sunkeri thaun hosdurga poreantlea sumar 60000 kristamvank pottnnak ambuddn vhorchem ani taka protirod zaun kenorantlea thoddea kristamv mukeli yuvozonnamni guptim kattkayo cholomvcheo, tosolea mukeleank ttippu sultanachea prodan sordaran koddeallgar sordar simamv pedru probhun gupit pattimbo dimvcho. Hi kanni. Sordar simamv hea yuvokank ek sinol dita, ti sinol eka orlukechem ord. Hea sinole bhomvtim, sordara bhomvtim ani gupti mukeleam bhomvti hi kriti asa. Ttippu sombondhichea khoddopachea horyek kritiamni hech vivor amkam porteam porteam labtat.
Sota thaun thoddem pois ani aplea gorzam tekit khoddopan dileat tea thoddea ghumvddenk ami polleyam.
1) ttippu sultanan kenorant aplea risalam dvarim choloyil’lea onacharache vivor, hanga thaun ambuddn vel’lea kristamvancho sonko azun sot sarkem odhyoin zaunkonam tori vixes utprekxe vivor tanne dileat.
2) kattkaye vellim thodde zonn ttippuchea sojeranchea hatantle chukon raule, thoddea firgozank, ttippun dhosunk na. Punn he eka nirdixtt firgojeche, nirdixtt zati pongddache, oxem kiteak?
3) sordar simamv khorean islamik razacho jim’mi taka khoddopacho ttippu nitiasonnar bosoita, hem islamik razant koxem sady? islamik razant muslimetor, konnmyi to zamv taka porje hokkanch nant. Hanga tosolo eklo nitidar zata koxem? hea vekti vixim amkam khoimsoryi charitrik vivor labhanant kiteak?
4) ttippu sultanachea sojeranchea hatant poddun sokkodd hogddaun ghetl’lea kristamvam poiki ekli stri (veronika) apunn kitlo lonch diun tori apnnak zaizal’leank soddoun haddtam mhonnta, hem koxem?
5) mongllurgaram kristamvam modem tea kallar kaim zhuzachi aturai zamv, somyb zamv asl’lem dison yena. Ekanek ttippuchea bolladhik foujek fudd korn ravon sorkara virod dongvall cholomvchem dhoir ani boll khoim thaun hankam ailem? zamv hankam brittixamni pattimbo dilo mhonnun maneam! punn tacho ekch ek vivor khoimsoryi nam tori kiteak? osole ani sobhar songti asat tori sod’deak he puro.
Khoddopachea kadomborimni vaparlea ti bhas khorean bhovo vorti. Thoimsor ubhim keleant tim somrochonam odhyoinachea bollachim mhonnun sangunk norgazoi monnun na. Dom’ fidali, islamik sordari-sultani bhas ani koddeallgaranchi thollavi bhas tanne somzun zoktean vaparlea. Apunn khonchea kalla vixim boroitam tea kallachi vollok somzun gheun ti vollok aplea vachpeank utrounko khoddopan khorim pretonam keleant.
Khoddopachea charitrik kadomboremni utprekxa asat, ovoigoneanik vivor asat mhonnun ami dakxinnevinn opun ghetlem tori ek xrextt kritikar zaun tachem sthanman kedinch unneachem zamvchemna. Azkal porgott zamvchea thoddea charitrik kadomborink pollelear thoimsor choritrai asana sahityi asana. Tosoleam modhem khoddop khorean bhovo unchayen sobhta. Itlea romanchok ani akorxok xoilen aplea lokak tanchea malgoddeam vixim obhiman pamvche porim kel’li kirt khoddopachi, hea prokrient tanne choritrechea sotancho mog korche pras aplea lokachea bhognnam-bhaunancho mog kela to khoro tori tanne kadombori boroilea ani tea dvarim aplea bhaxechea sahiteak vorti seva dilea mhonnun ghetlear ani hangasor chodd ‘vixoinixtt (emfirisistt) choritrek [ji mollba ponda edoll labonk na ti] sodhinaxem raulear khoddopachea kritienchi ruch chakunk solis ani tantlean chuscho ros vixes zait
(gõy vixvovidealoyant charitrik kadomborincher manddlolo probondh)
